This lineage has its official beginning in 962, when Otto I the Great of the Liudolfinger family was crowned by the Pope, to replace their East Francia kingdom of Karolingen. However, if we consider its underlying causes, perhaps we have to go back to 800, when Charle the Great (Charlemagne) marched into Rome – Rome.

By that time, the Western Roman Empire had collapsed for more than 300 years (476 AD), after the mighty and destructive attacks of the tribes of what they called “barbarians”: the Germans. The Franks of Charlemagne–who gave France its present name Francia or France–were one of the most battle-hardened and brilliant at governing among the Germans.

Charlemagne arrived in Rome, having already covered all of modern Germany and France, before leading his army to the Lombardy region of Italy. Perhaps he did not have a clear idea of ​​the empire in his mind when he met with Pope Leo III – whom he intended to overthrow. But, as European chroniclers recount, the Pope behaved extremely skillfully. The leader of the West went out to Rome to receive Charlemagne. Then two days later, during a ceremony at the Basilica of San Pietro, while Charlemagne was praying, the Pope stepped back and placed the crown on the Frankish king’s head, declaring: “God crowned you. Emperor! May the great Emperor who brought peace to the Romans live a hundred years and win eternal victory.”

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